The Fractal Revolution: To See a World in a Grain of Sand

Recent developments in different interdisciplinary scientific areas (fractal geometry, information theory, analysis of complex and dissipative systems, emergence of auto-organization, chaos theory, and cellular automata) are creating new ways of thinking about Nature. These studies have revealed that fractal-chaos, at the border of the phase transition between order and chaos, is everywhere. Maps and clocks based on fractal layers of metabolic hypercycles might be used by living organisms to maintain their homodynamic equilibrium and biodiversity at different levels. The understanding of the dynamics of complex biological systems is very important to highlight the mechanisms of many physiological, evolutionary and ecological processes.