Characterization of the artist's palette from the polychrome decorations of the El Bahia Palace doors (Marrakesh, Morocco)

We investigated the cedar wood doors of the Bahia Palace in Marrakesh (Morocco), which are richly decorated with geometric motifs. A gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analytical procedure (GC/MS) was used to characterize the organic binders in micro samples collected from one of the doors. In order to examine the artist's palette, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD), were applied to samples in fragments or on cross-sections of the embedded samples. This multi analytical approach effectively identified the polychrome decoration technique, mainly based on the use of animal glue as a proteinaceous binder, and characterized the superficial varnishes. Lastly many of the different pigments used for the creation of these works of art were identified. We believe that this study contributes significantly to the knowledge of Moroccan art from a material and technological point of view.