Precision Oncology: Present Status and Perspectives

Precision medicine is a reality, but the shift from single gene analysis to multilayered approaches as integrative genomics is likely to produce a novel way to identify targets and individualize treatment. The growing interest for immunotherapy makes this point even more compelling taking into account that each therapeutic approach needs to be personalized based on the immunobiology of the individual patients, which will drive to another shift to tumor analysis to tumor/microenvironment axis evaluation. These perspectives need not only robust technologies but also a novel way to validate findings and novel research approaches which are mostly based on Bayesian design. Precision medicine does not substitute for good clinics but even allow better and wiser clinics.