On the model inconsistencies in simulating breaking wave with mesh-based and particle methods

In the present work the numerical simulation of breaking wave processes is discussed. A detailed analysis is performed using Smoothing Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) models as well as a mesh-based Level-Set Finite Volume Method (LS-FVM). Considerations on the numerical dissipation involved in such models are discussed within the frameworks of weakly compressible and incompressible ssumptions. The breaking wave processes are simulated using both mono- and two-phases models. Due to the extensive test-cases discussed, the present analysis is limited to a bi-dimensional framework. Test-cases with increasing complexities are considered starting from a simple 1D impact of two water-jet up to complex shallow water breaking waves. The analyses presented in this article are not only useful to weakly compressible SPH or LS-FVM users but can be extended to other numerical models for which accurate (convergent) results on benchmark test-cases are provided.