Mobilty of PhD students and scientists

The paper examines the mobility topic starting from the possible different approaches and then focusing on mobility of two important categories: PhD students and scientists. Information and figures on highly skilled immigrants are presented, as relevant to examine the PhDs' and researchers' mobility trends. The paper considers issues on the organization of exchanges and their structure looking at the various motivations and roots. After passing through a quick review of problems and obstacles that may hamper mobility experiences, the paper refers to the various tools activated to enhance mobility either at supra-national and national level. Indicators are presented, and barriers and obstacles discussed. Positive and negative outcomes deriving from the timing and the main positive and negative effects of mobility are taken into consideration.