3D conduits for peripheral nerve regeneration

This chapter provides an overview of current state-of-the-art research on the design and production of 3D conduits produced via electrofluidodynamic technologies for peripheral nerve regeneration. After a brief introduction of nerve pathophysiology and current clinical treatments for nerve injuries, it focuses on the description of different approaches to produce mono-, multicomponent, or multilayered electrospun conduits with random or aligned structures, describing their fabrication, advantages, and in vivo outcomes. The possibility of functionalizing electrospun tubes with biomolecules, such as trophic factors, drugs, or proteins, will be explored, as well as the potential of combining different electrofluidodynamic techniques (spinning and spraying) and micro- and nanotechnologies in order to produce more advanced and biomimetic architectures. The chapter concludes with future perspectives and challenges for the design, fabrication, and clinical applications of electrospun nerve conduits