Brightening odd-parity excitons in transition-metal dichalcogenides: Rashba spin-orbit interaction, skyrmions, and cavity polaritons

Odd-angular momentum exciton states are dark to light in monolayers of transition-metal dichalcogenides and can be addressed only by two-photon probes. Besides, 2p-exciton states, are expected to show a fine splitting that arises from the peculiar electronic band structure of the material, characterized by a finite Berry curvature around each valley. In this paper, we study in detail the coupling of photons to p-exciton states, and we find that the Rashba spin-orbit interaction or a Skyrmion in the transition-metal dichalcogenide substrate can be exploited to engineer finite optical selection rules. The basis mechanism relies on a matching of the exciton angular momentum with the winding of the Rashba spin-orbit interaction or the Skyrmion topological charge. In a photonic cavity, the coupling is enhanced due to photon confinement and the resulting polaritonic branches acquire a mixing with 2p(+/-) excitons, thus, providing a useful tool to detect exciton fine-splitting and and enable novel uses of odd-parity dark excitons.