Paternal alcohol exposure in mice alters brain NGF and BDNF and increases ethanol-elicited preference in male offspring.

The present study was aimed at examining spatial learning and memory in 33 men and 12 women with alcohol use disorder (AUD) undergoing ethanol detoxification by using a virtual Morris task. As controls, we recruited 29 men and 10 women among episodic drinkers without a history of alcohol addiction and/or alcohol related diseases. Elevated latency to the first movement in all trials was observed only in AUD persons, furthermore, control women had higher latencies compared to control men. Increased time spent to reach the hidden platform in the learning phase was found for women of both groups compared to men, in particular during trial 3. As predicted AUD persons (more evident in men) spent less time in the target quadrant during the probe trial, however, AUD women had higher latencies to reach the platform in the visible condition during trials 6 and 7 that resulted to be associated higher distance moved. As for the probe trial men of both groups showed increased virtual locomotion compared to the women of both groups. The present investigation confirms and extends previous studies showing i: different gender responses in spatial learning tasks; ii: some alterations due to alcohol addiction in virtual spatial learning and iii: differences between AUD men and AUD women in spatial behavioural