Composite materials for replacement of ligaments and tendons

In this chapter the role of composite biomaterials able to reproduce the complexity of the hierarchical structure and the peculiar mechanical properties of ligaments and tendons is discussed. The basic principles of fibre-reinforced composite materials are reviewed, highlighting critical aspects in designing devices for ligaments and tendons replacement. The various approaches for their repair and regeneration are also explored, with the aim of benefiting from composite materials science, technology and tissue engineering. Prospective and the future challenges for composite materials for ligaments and tendons replacement and regeneration are outlined.