Neuroinflammation and L-dopa-induced abnormal involuntary movements in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease are counteracted by combined administration of a 5-HT1A/1B receptor agonist and A2A receptor antagonist

Several lines of evidence have strongly implicated neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease (PD) progression and L-dopa-induced dyskinesia. The present study investigated whether early subchronic pretreatment with the serotonin 5-HT receptor agonist eltoprazine plus the adenosine A receptor antagonist preladenant counteracted L-dopa-induced abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs, index of dyskinesia), and neuroinflammation, in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA)-lesioned rat model of PD. The immunoreactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and the colocalization of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (IBA-1), with interleukin (IL)-1?, tumor-necrosis-factor-? (TNF-?) and IL-10 were evaluated in the denervated caudate-putamen (CPu) and substantia nigra pars-compacta (SNc). The combined subchronic pretreatment with L-dopa plus eltoprazine and preladenant reduced AIMs induced by acute L-dopa challenge in these rats and decreased GFAP and IBA-1 immunoreactivity induced by the drug in both CPu and SNc, with reduction in IL-1? in IBA-1-positive cells in both CPu and SNc, and in TNF-? in IBA-1-positive cells in SNc. Moreover, a significant increase in IL-10 in IBA-1-positive cells was observed in SNc. Evaluation of immediate early-gene zif-268 (index of neuronal activation) after L-dopa challenge, showed an increase in its expression in denervated CPu of rats pretreated with L-dopa or L-dopa plus preladenant compared with vehicle, whereas rats pretreated with eltoprazine, with or without preladenant, had lower zif-268 expression. Finally, tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter examined to evaluate neurodegeneration, showed a significant equal decrease in all experimental groups. The present findings suggest that combination of L-dopa with eltoprazine and preladenant may be promising therapeutic strategy for delaying the onset of dyskinesia, preserving L-dopa efficacy and reducing neuroinflammation markers in nigrostriatal system of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats.