Structure-trasport-performance relationships of sulfonated polysulfone composite membranes for DMFC

Currently, acidic polymer electrolytes based on perfluorosulfonic-acid membranes are widely used as electrolytes (e.g. Nafion-type membranes) in different electrochemical applications, but high cost, low operating temperature, and high methanol crossover of Nafion membranes have limited their widespread commercial application [1,2]. These drawbacks are pressing on scientists worldwide to develop new materials and composite polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) based on sulfonated aromatic polymers as alternatives to Nafion for DMFC applications.