Visual spatio-temporal characteristics of lip-movements in defining Italian consonantal visemes

The description of visual stimuli structure and the individuation of the cues critical for visemes identification is essential when developing unimodal and/or bimodal speech perception theories. In order to complete our previous researches on 3D spatial static vocalic and consonantal targets, the present paper focuses on the analysis of the spatio-temporal characteristics regarding the Lip Height parameter (calculated as the distance between the markers placed on the upper and lower lips), collected with the ELITE system, for all the 21 Italian consonants