Homogeneously Catalyzed CO2 Hydrogenation to Formic Acid/Formate with Non-precious Metal Catalysts

In this chapter, the main results described in the literature for CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid and formates, using non-precious (mainly first-row) transition metals, are summarized. Particular attention is given to illustrate the different classes of homogeneous catalysts and principal stabilizing ligands, explaining their advantages and effects in bringing about the efficient and selective 2-electron reduction of CO2 (or bicarbonate) to HCOOH (or formate) using hydrogen gas, showing their potential for the future replacement of low-abundant, precious platinum group metal catalysts.