Estimation of fluorine and chlorine emissions from Spanish structural ceramic industries. The case study of the Bailen area, southern Spain

The paper assess F and Cl emissions as atmospheric pollutants in the Bailen area (southern Spain), originated from the raw material used in structural ceramic industries. The area is one of the most important in Spain, with a daily output over three million pieces.The Bailen area features three categories of industriestaking into account F emissions: those releasing less than 150 ppm F, those releasing 150-300 ppmF, and those releasing more than 300 ppmF. The emission rate is correlated with the processing cycle, that is type of clay raw materials and firing temperature in particular.