Adelie penguins and temperature changes in Antarctica: a long-term view

During the summer months, Adelie penguins represent the dominant biomass of terrestrial Antarctica. Literally millions of individuals nest in ice-free areas around the coast of the continent. Hence, these modern populations of Adelie penguins have often been championed as an ideal biological indicator of ecological and environmental changes that we currently face. In addition, Adelie penguins show an extraordinary record of sub-fossil remains, dating back to the late Pleistocene. At this time, temperatures were much lower than now. Hence, this species offers unique long-term information, at both the genomic and ecological levels, about how a species has responded to climate change over more than 40 000 years.