Granger causality analyses for climatic attribution

This review paper focuses on the application of the Granger causality technique to the study of the causes of recent global warming (a case of climatic attribution). A concise but comprehensive review is performed and particular atten- tion is paid to the direct role of anthropogenic and natural forcings, and to the influence of patterns of natural variability. By analyzing both in-sample and out-of-sample results, clear evidences are obtained (e.g., the major role of greenhouse- gases radiative forcing in driving temperature, a recent causal decoupling between solar irradiance and temperature it- self) together with interesting prospects of further research.