Metal- nanoparticles/graphene plasmonic hybrids for optical label-free chemical- and bio-sensing

Graphene coupled to plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) of gold, silver, aluminum, and gallium, is further functionalized with (a) protoporphyrin that plays a key role in numerous biochemical, biomimetic and spin-sensitive reactions to work as a SERS chemical sensor, (b) with rhodamine, to demonstrate the high efficiency of SERS to drugs and biomolecules, and (c) with human fibronectin whose functionality is checked by its response to sensing its antibody monoclonal anti-human fibronectin.