Novel Prognostic Biomarkers for Personalized Cancer Treatment

Neoplastic pathologies are one of the most frequent cause of death in the world and, in spite of the treatment's improvement, the related mortality of tumour is high. One of the principal cause of this situation is the lack of clinical prognostic biomarkers, useful for the diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring and for the definition of personalized treatments, that could lead to an improvement of the therapeutic success rate. In the neoplastic pathologies, the identification of significant prognostic biomarkers is urgent to recognize the subjects that a) have the specific physio-pathological characteristics to benefit of adjuvant therapies in the early disease stages and b) to be stratified in clinical/therapeutic subgroups in the advanced pathological one. For these reasons, a valid contribute could be constituted by the improvement of the risk/benefit quantification in the selection of clinical procedures. At this moment, the scientific research proposes innovative and promising biomarkers that are functional for this aim: the recent technologies and software allow us to reveal the complexity of the biology of our physiological system in the healthy state and in the pathological one, defining, in this way, the significant biomarkers for the clinical/therapeutic monitoring of the pathological and physiological states. The intent of our chapter is, for these basis, to underline the importance of recent biomarkers for patient stratification in subgroups and the development of personalized therapies.