High-gain wavelength-selective amplification and cavity ring down spectroscopy in a fluoride glass erbium-doped microsphere

We experimentally demonstrate a compact optical amplifier consisting of a rare-earth-doped whispering-gallerymode microsphere coupled via a tapered fiber. A gain up to 20 dB is reported in an erbium-doped fluoride glass microsphere 135 ?m in diameter. Below the amplification regime, the optical gain is used to compensate for unavoidable losses due to surface contamination or scattering. Quality factor as high as 2 × 109 has been measured by analyzing the transient response of the microsphere excited by a dynamically shifted frequency input signal.