Exploring processing, reactivity and performance of novel MAX phase/ ultra-high temperature ceramic composites: The case study of Ti3SiC2

The reactivity behaviour between a MAX phase and ZrB2 or WC was explored with the aim of developing novel composites by merging the benefits of the individual constituents. Hot pressing of Ti3SiC2 with 30 vol% ZrB2 at 1450 degrees C led to notable microstructure re-assessment with formation of inter-locked sub-micrometric boride grains. This composite displayed enhanced hardness and showed a strength over 430 MPa up to 1200 degrees C, which is a great achievement considering the ductile behaviour of typical pure MAX compounds. However, addition of WC led to a highly porous composite with poor performance. These findings set a first basis for the progress of original light ceramics with combined hardness and failure tolerance over a broad temperature range.