Genetic investigation for the characterization of three indigenous pig breeds of southern Italy: advantages and prospects

The characterization and safeguarding of typical and local animal breeds were the focus of this study. These two aspects are crucial for their management, in particular for the Italian pig population. Indeed, Italy is among the top ten nations in terms of the pig population, with the local breeds famous worldwide for their great meat production. In this study we characterized three of these local pig breeds of Italy, i.e. Nero Siciliano (Black Sicily, BS), Casertana (C) and Nero Lucano (Black Lucano, BL), using cytogenetic and genomic techniques. These three local pig breeds of Italy were characterized by Aneuploidies, CAs (Chromosome Aberration) and SCEs (Sister Chromatid Exchange) and RAPD-PCR (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA - Polymerase Chain Reaction) in order to clarify any genetic differences between the breeds to preserve biodiversity and to guarantee economic development of local pork industries. Comparing the data obtained from the analysis of Aneuploidies, CAs and SCEs, as well as the RAPD-PCR examination, it was concluded that the BS and C breeds are more similar and sufficiently different from the BL breed. The genetic diversity and the characteristic polymorphic profile make BL a breed of high value to be protected, particularly for its much appreciated meat. The research was carried out as a preliminary phase for the development program for local breeds and will provide useful information for the management, conservation and promotion of these three Italian pig breeds.