X chromosome genes and premature ovarian failure.

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a disorder characterized by lack of ovulation and elevated levels of serum gonadotropins before the age of 40. The etiology of POF is not known but different environmental and genetic factors are involved, suggesting high heterogeneity of the disorder. The involvement of X-linked genes in the etiology of POF was hypothesized on the basis of its frequent association with chromosomal rearrangements and monosomies. In recent years a number of genes were described. Two genes, FRAXA and POF1B, have been formally demonstrated to be responsible for POF. Other genes have been proposed as candidates, but their role remains to be demonstrated.