Conversion of porous PbO2 layers through galvanic displacement reaction with Mn2+ ions

The galvanic exchange between Mn2+ ions and electrodeposited porous PbO2 was studied to produce a porous oxide whose lower conductivity prevented its direct oxygen bubble-templated anodic deposition. Immersion of PbO2 layers in acid acetate solutions of Mn2+ led to the formation of amorphousMnOx shell onto PbO2. Due to its amorphous nature, MnOx could not be proved to be MnO2 by XRD. However, MnOx was cathodically stripped at the same potential as MnO2. The deposition of the MnOx shell onto PbO2 enhanced the capacity of the porous electrodes.