Pleural mesothelial cells express both BLT2 and PPAR alpha and mount an integrated response to pleural leukotriene B4.

Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) plays a crucial role in the recruitment of neutrophils into the pleural space. We identified for the first time the mechanisms by which LTB4 interacts with mesothelial cells and recruits neutrophils in the pleural compartment. Primary pleural mesothelial cells express both the proinflammatory receptor for LTB4 BLT2, and the anti-inflammatory receptor for LTB4, PPAR. Parapneumonic pleural effusions highly increase BLT2 expression and, via BLT2 activation, increase the adhesion between mesothelial cells and neutrophils and the expression of ICAM-1 on mesothelial cells. The block of PPAR further increases both cell adhesion and ICAM-1 expression. BLT2 activation promotes the activation, on mesothelial cells, of STAT-1 but not the activation of NF-B transcription factor. The increase of ICAM-1 expression is achieved via increased tyrosine phosphorylation activity since herbimycin, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, reduces and since Na orthovanadate, a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, further increases ICAM-1 expression. This study demonstrates that pleural mesothelial cells, expressing both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory LTB4 receptors, are able to mount an integrated response to LTB4 with a prevalence of BLT2 activities in the presence of an inflammatory milieu within the pleura.