Antioxidant recovery by membranes

Membrane technologies are the main processes used at large scale for the separation of antioxidant compounds from different sources. They offer severaladvantages over conventional methods, in terms of high separation efficiency, low energy requirements, mild operating conditions, no additives, absence of phase transition, simple equipment and easy scale-up. Pressure-driven membrane operations include microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO). These processes cover most of the "5-Stages Universal Recovery Processing" strategy since they can be used as macroscopic pretreatment (MF), in macro- and micro-molecules separation (UF), in purification (NF) and concentration (RO).