Electron energy loss and X-ray photoelectron spectra. Part2. Phthalocyanine and its Ni, Cu, and Co derivatives in their alpha form

The importance of the stacked structure of the molecules in the solid ?-modification of phthalocyanine and some of its metal derivatives is illustrated in connection with the energy level distribution in this type of macrocycle. The interband transitions and plasmons are experimentally studied by means of EELS and X-ray photoelectron techniques. The spectroscopic data are compared with other published experimental data and discussed in the light of the available theoretical information. The comparison between the free ligand and its metal derivatives (Ni, Cu, Co) emphasizes the role of the metal 3d levels in the conduction processes.