La vegetazione ripariale dei laghi costieri dei campi flegrei: effetti dell'antropizzazione sull'interfaccia tra ambiente coltivato e ambiente lacustre

Campi Flegrei's cost is characterized by three lakes in liaison with the sea: Lucrino, Miseno and Fusaro; these lakes for their biodiversity are protected under the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) and are included in the list of sites characterized by the presence of biotic habitats and species of Community Importance (Natura 2000), not with standing the lakes are affected by visible signs of pollution and substantial destruction of riparian vegetation due to the excessive human activity as the banks and surrounding areas. The consequence, thus, has been the loss of important ecosystems for biodiversity conservation, as they result be riparian bands, unique halls of naturalness, and the self-cleaning capacity of Lakes. To retrieve an ecosystem completely destroyed by human activities is essential to initiate processes of ecological restoration, designed to bring, in principle, the ecosystem to its historic trajectory on the basis of information relating to the environment and ecological data analyzing contextually, cultural and historical (Clewell A. et al, 2002). The lakes Flegrei unfortunately experienced a significant loss of biodiversity caused by the effects of anthropization that the concreting of the banks, with the confluence of the sewer along with poor maintenance of habitats, led to the eutrophication of waters. In particular the disappearance of riparian vegetation has a significant negative impact on the ecosystem as a habitat provides ecological services. The riparian vegetation, running a filter reduces the Direct discharge of surplus fertilizers from adjacent farmland and this ecological behavior is an interface of riparian vegetation (riparian areas) between water and soil to protect the ecosystem; plant communities that inhabit it (riparian vegetation) have an important significance in environmental protection because of their biodiversity and the influence they have on aquatic ecosystems. The riparian zone vegetation to shrub and tree assumes importance for the biocinesi. The riparian strips have a filter and barrier, becoming a maelstrom when hold objects and substances, and when issuing source objects and substances. Given the state of pollution of lakes Flegrei, restoration and enhancement of riparian strips should be pursued by implementing measures to ecological restoration to support the ecological recovery of these sites of environmental interest. In this light, the knowledge of plant physiognomy of the banks of the lakes is an important basis to implement actions for the protection and sustainable management of habitats. The restoration of ecological reconstruction of the shores and the reintroduction of disappearance species may initiate or accelerate the recovery of lake ecosystems with respect not only to his health, integrity and sustainability but also with respect to the operating of water / soil interface optimizing the shapes' land use can maintain biodiversity and ecosystem productivity.