Electron holograms encoding amplitude and phase for the generation of arbitrary wavefunctions

Since the introduction of vortex beams it has become clear that it is possible to structure the electron beams and produce arbitrary electron phase profiles. We also demonstrated that the control over the phase in some cases like Bessel beams is sufficient to shape the overall amplitude profile for example by controlling the zeros of the electron wavefunction. However in many cases the control of both amplitude and phase is demanded to engineer more structural properties of the electronic beam. We report for the first time the electron holograms for phase and amplitude manipulation. The hologram we present is based on a modification of blazed phase holograms where the groove depth is modulated to produce the desired amplitude effect.