State of the art and perspectives in membranes for membrane distillation/membrane crystallization

This chapter addresses the fundamental concepts and the relevant mathematics related to the transport phenomena through porous hydrophobic membranes of interest in MD and MCr. Membrane material properties, configuration, structures, and fabrication techniques are discussed. Some of the most promising applications and new perspectives of these membrane operations are illustrated. Commercially available membranes and environmental issues are also presented. Finally, future trends and useful sources for more details are included.