Optical Sensing by Femtosecond Laser Written Waveguides in a Microfluidic Chip for Capillary Electrophoresis

Femtosecond-laser-written optical waveguides are integrated into a commercial capillary electrophoresis chip. A fluorescence detection scheme is implemented, resulting in a compact device. Testing is performed by electrophoresis and detection of a 1-nM oligonucleotide plug. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America