Lattice Boltzmann multicomponent model for direct-writing printing

We introduce a mesoscale approach for the simulation of multicomponent flows to model the direct-writing printing process, along with the early stage of ink deposition. As an application scenario, alginate solutions at different concentrations are numerically investigated alongside processing parameters, such as apparent viscosity, extrusion rate, and print head velocity. The present approach offers useful insights on the ink rheological effects upon printed products, susceptible to geometric accuracy and shear stress, by manufacturing processes such as the direct-writing printing for complex photonic circuitry, bioscaffold fabrication, and tissue engineering.