Advances in 3D Electromagnetic Focusing: Optimized Time Reversal and Optimal Constrained Power Focusing

In this paper, we show how to successfully deal with the problem of focusing a vector field in a 3D scenario, by properly extending two recently introduced procedures developed with respect to 2D fields. In particular, to address this problem relevant in many applications, we describe an improved version of the well known Time Reversal technique, the Optimized Time Reversal, and a procedure able to provide an optimal focusing in the presence of arbitrary upper bounds for the field intensity, the Optimal Constrained Power Focusing. The two approaches are presented, discussed, and comparatively assessed in two different scenarios representative of realistic working conditions. The results confirm the possibility of tackling the problem of focusing a 3D vector field in an efficient way and that the Optimal Constrained Power Focusing, while computationally heavier, provides the best possible focusing performance.