Nitrogen Supply of Crops and Type of Fertilization and Their Impact on the Soil Case Study of Apulia Region

Nitrogen (N) is one of the fundamental elements for plant development: it plays a very important role in biochemical processes, such as chlorophyll photosynthesis, the production of amino acids and proteins, but it is also the most critical element in fertilization. When nitrogen is administered to the soil, in its more complex forms, organic and ureic, it transforms into increasingly simple forms such as Ammonia (NH4+) and Nitric (NO3-) and becomes assailable by plants. Due to its agronomic function, nitrogen represents an element that must be appropriately integrated into the crop cycle through careful fertilization and a careful balance between withdrawals, losses and contributions. The choice of the nitrogen fertilization strategy must obviously aim to guarantee the availability of the element to the crops in the phases in which they need it most, avoiding losses that can represent a threat to the environment or to the crop economic balance. This article has the main purpose of highlighting the impact of the main fertilizations used in the regional agricultural context, in relation to the concentration of nitrogen in its various forms which remains in the soil, thus becoming part of a potential environmental impact both of the matrix itself and of the aquifers. Below, through the analysis of the main crop types. The conclusion is the impact of the main crop type and them fertilization on the soil in particular for the nitrogen compounds.