Monitoring of anthropogenic microplastic pollution in antarctic fish (emerald rockcod) from the Terranova Bay after a quarter of century

Monitoring the occurrence of microplastic contamination in the Antarctic area is the key to implement policy measures for waste regulations in the research stations. Antarctic fish Trematomus bernachii is a suitable species for establishing microplastic contamination and for investigating changes over time in the concentration and type of microplastics in the Antarctic region. In this paper a total of 78 fish, caught during the 37th Italian Antarctic expedition (2021-2022) in the Ross Sea (Antarctica) were analysed. Different microfibers and dyes were identified by Raman spectroscopy and the results were compared with those obtained for fish sampled in 1998. Differences in polymer type emerged with a predominance of synthetic fibers with respect to natural ones. These changes appear to be related to the increased human activities in the Antarctica over the last twenty years and highlights the need to improve the environmental sustainability of the numerous research stations operating throughout that area.