High-performance discrete amplifier based on a second-order fiber Raman oscillator

We propose a second-order counterpumped Raman ring fiber oscillator for high gain and low noise discrete Raman amplification with enhanced robustness to wavelength-division-multiplexing channels add-drop operations. Bit-error-rate measurement at 10 Gb/s shows negligible penalties up to 20-dB net gain. © 2005 IEEE.