Food allergens: Classification, molecular properties, characterization, and detection in food sources

Food allergy is a large and growing public health problem in many areas of the world. The prevalence of food allergy has increased in the last decades in a very significant way in many world regions, particularly in developed countries. In that respect, the research field of food allergy has experienced an extensive growth and very relevant progress has been made in recent years regarding the characterization of food allergens, the study of their immunological properties, and their detection in food sources. Furthermore, food labeling policies have also been improved decidedly in recent years. For that immense progress made, it is about time to review the latest progress in the field of food allergy. In this review, we intend to carry out an extensive and profound overview regarding the latest scientific advances and knowledge in the field of food allergen detection, characterization, and in the study of the effects of food processing on the physico-chemical properties of food allergens. The advances in food labeling policies, and methodologies for the characterization of food allergens are also thoroughly reviewed in the present overview.