Improved confinement with internal electron transport barriers in RFX-mod

RFX-mod reliably operates at 1.5 MA, the highest current ever achieved on a reversed field pinch device thanks to the the feedback control on multiple magnetohydrodynamic modes. In these high current discharges magnetic topology spontaneously self-organizes in an Ohmic helical symmetry, the quasi single helicity (QSH) state, in which the magnetic dynamics is dominated by the innermost resonant mode, with the new magnetic axis helically twisting around the geometrical axis of the torus. Inside the helical structure energy confinement is enhanced and electron temperatures exceeding 1 keV are measured, with steep gradients, which identify an internal transport barrier. Separatrix expulsion and symmetric electron temperature profiles with high gradients are obtained for ratios between the dominant mode and total B above about 4%. The measured electron temperature peak involves a large fraction of the plasma cross section, corresponding to an improvement in the global electron energy confinement up to a factor 2. The steep temperature profiles obtained in QSH conditions correspond to an electron thermal diffusivity reduced by more than one order of magnitude. Perturbative experiments (pellets and impurity laser blow off injections) have been performed to study particle confinement inside and outside the thermal island. Inside the helical structure experimental evidence of main gas confinement increase has been obtained, while for impurities there is no evidence of confinement increase.