The critical mass

The analysis presented in the chapter provides an overview of gender patterns for scientists and researchers studying and working in Europe. Data of three different employment groups are analysed: Human Resources in Science & technology (HRST), Scientists and Engineers (S&E) and Researchers. The overall presence of women as researchers is lower than we would have expected from the graduates and HRST figures. A closer look at researchers by sex confirms that women are under-represented in all sectors and they are consistently least present in the Business Enterprise Sector.