Review on alternative meals for gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata

Different raw materials are routinely used in aquaculture feeds to satisfy the dietary nutrients required by aquaculture species. There are several components that should be taken into account in the evaluation of a particular ingredient in feed formulation, such as digestibility, palatability and nutrient utilization and interference. The aim of this review was to produce a global overview about the alternative to fish meal and fish oil for gilthead sea bream diets in aquaculture. Particular attention was given to the effect on gut health. Moreover, the information collected in this review might be used as a tool in fine-tuning of new diets for gilthead seabream. The parameters re-ported in works are not often standardized, and in some works, not all parameters are present; therefore, it is difficult to compare different trials. For this reason, we think that the collection of these data may help researchers to standardize in the future of the parameters necessary to evaluate alternative protein and lipid stuffs for gilthead seabream.