Lead Titanate, PZT, and PZN, Preparation of

A family of lead-based perovskites with the generic formula Pb(BhBd)O6, so-called relaxor ferroelectrics, are currently under investigation for their remarkable piezoelectric properties. Polycrystalline relaxor ceramics have found ap- plication in high-value capacitors and electrostrictive actuators, but it has been the discovery of extremely high coupling constants, along with low acoustic impedance in single crystals of these materials, that has made this an area of intense study. However, problems posed by the crystal growth and transducer fabrication are limiting the applicability of these materials. This article reviews the significant factors in the manufacture of relaxor ferroelectrics in the form of polycrystalline ceramics and single crystals. Their properties are presented and summarized. Future prospects and limitations are also discussed.