Charging infrastructures for EV: overview of technologies and issues

This paper presents an overview of issues and technologies related to the proper design of charging infrastructures for road electric vehicles. The analysis is carried out taking into account that the recharging stations of electric vehicles might be integrated in smart grids, which interconnect the main grid with distributed power plants, different kinds of renewable energy sources, stationary electrical storage systems and electric loads. The study is introduced by an analysis of the main characteristics concerning different kinds of storage systems to be used for stationary and on-board applications. Then, different charging devices, modes and architectures are presented and described showing their characteristics and potentialities. DC and AC configurations of charging stations are compared in terms of the issues related to their impact on the main grid and the design of their main components. Specific attention was devoted also to the ultra-fast DC architecture, which appears a possible solution to positively affect a wide spread of plug-in hybrid and full electric road vehicles.