Ascenso de los niveles freáticos en el Centro Arqueológico Chan Chan (Perú). Investigaciones preliminares

The aim of this study is a preliminary evaluation of the impact of the water table rise on the archaeological area of the Chan Chan (Perú). The aquifer recharge is due to the construction of the aqueduct by the Chavimochic Project which purposes is to guarantee the water availability in the low parts of the Libertad Region through a net of channels that capture water from the Rio Santa. First, the regional characterization of the groundwater and surficial water has been done with the emphasis on the natural conditions in the study area that is typical of a semiarid climate. Than, a preliminary evaluation of the effects of the increased groundwater availability, as the consequence of the leakage from the irrigation and artificial channels constructed within the Chavimochic Project, has been performed. Finally, the evaluation of the hydrologic balance in correspondence of extreme events such as those related to the Niño has given. Preliminary results show that appropriate hydrologic measurements for the management of the water resources have to be taken to preserve the archeological site of Chan Chan from the degradation. In particular, it is urgently required to establish an integrated monitoring network to control the groundwater levels and their relationship with surficial watercourses, irrigation activities, land displacements and meteorological parameters. Moreover, simulation mathematical models have to be used for the correct plan of reclamation activity such as the establishment of horizontal drainage structures and pumping wells.