From Pre-eartquakes to EQUOS - how to exploit multi-parametric observations within a novel system for time-dependent assessment of seismic hazard (t-dash) in a pre-operational civil protection context

The integration of different observations together with the refinement of data analysis methods is generally expected to improve our actual knowledge of preparatory phases of earthquakes and of their possible precursors. These were also the main goals of PRE-EARTHQUAKES (Processing Russian and European EARTH observations for earthQUAKE precursors Studies, http://www.pre-earthquakes.org/) the first project funded by the European Union in order to investigate possible short-2 term precursors of earthquakes. In the learning phase, different parameters (e.g. thermal anomalies, total electron content, radon concentration, etc.), measured from ground and satellite systems and analyzed by using different data analysis approaches, have been studied for selected geographic areas and specific seismic events in the past.