Testing pollen-climate models over the last 200 years in N-Italy using instrumental data.

We evaluated pollen-climate models developed for past temperature reconstruction in northern Italy by comparing pollen-inferred temperature series with site-specific instrumental series in two records covering the last 200 years and provided with a pollen sample resolution of 5/9 years. Moderate to good correlation is found. We discuss the methodological approach and the possible influ-ence of human activities in the pollen-inferred reconstructions.