Metabolic and transcriptional changesassociated with the use ofAscophyllumnodosumextracts as tools to improve thequality of wine grapes (Vitis viniferacv.Sangiovese) and their tolerance to biotic stress

Recent studies report thatAscophyllum nodosumextracts, once applied on the canopy of different crops, deliverpositive effects, increasing yield, inducing tolerance to biotic stress, and improving the quality of products. However, themechanisms of action are still unclear. In this research, vines subjected to multiple foliar applications of anA. nodosumextract(ANE) at label doses were compared with untreated vines (NTV) in accordance with a comparative approach. The investigationcoupled a field experiment with a second trial conducted under semi-controlled conditions, to clarify the mechanisms of actioninvolved