Fattori di riscio per la mortalità neonatale nell'allevamento bufalino convenzionale vs biologico.

RISK FACTORS FOR NEWBORN MORTALITY IN THE ORGANIC BUFFALO VS CONVENTIONAL BUFFALO BREEDINGS. The buffalo breeding is an important economic reality, has for the large number of workers, as in the aspect of production, representing a sector of interest for the national economy. Sold at a higher price, have transformed their conventional farm in an organic breeding. The last stage of pregnancy and the first few months of life of the calf represent a crucial phase in the management of buffalo farm's because these phases are critical for transmission of immunity defences by maternal way because the calf is unable to respond to major environmental agents, pathogens and non. Is important to know that the buffalo calves, like all other ruminants, missing of circulating immunoglobulin (Ig), for placenta impermeability to the Ig, and only the recruitment of the colostrum Ig gives them an adequate immunity in the neonatal period, until the development of their self-immune system. Moreover, poor hygiene, the incorrect diet as well as lack or inadequate intake of colostrums, are the most important factors that promote the onset of diseases. The period of pregnancy is considered the best time for the action of homeopathic remedies. In this period, the buffalo cows would show greater sensitivity to the doses of homeopathic remedies involving the physical economy as a whole. The literature showed that roots extracts of three medicinal species of Echinacea (E. purpurea,E. angustifolia, E. pallida) contain immunologically active substances and are able to oppose to the depressive action on the immune system typical of many antibiotic. Aim of this work was to improve the knowledge of the effects of administration of E. purpurea on neonatal mortality in organic and conventional buffalo livestock. In the organic farm, 60 pluriparous buffaloes, uniform for stage of calving and parity, were, while 20 pluriparous buffaloes, uniform for stage of calving and parity, were considered in the conventional farm. In the organic farm the pre-calving treatment provided the administration of 2.5 ml/animal/day of Echinacea purpurea (TM) per os for 20 days, while in the post-partum Nuxvomica 30 CH (10 pellets/head/day) for the first 7 days, Chelidonium 30 CH (10pellets/head/day) for further 7 days and Lycopodium (10 pellets/head/day) for the last 7 days were used. All administrations were done orally and immediately after the morning milking, before feeding. In the conventional farm the buffalo cows were vaccinated using commercial products, containing inactive strains of bacteria (Coli and Clostridria), and viruses (Rotavirus and Corona virus). In the organic farm, after birth, the calves was treated with 5 granules of Pyrogenium diluted in 5 ml of acid milk in the first five days of life and then for 10 days with 0.5 ml/day of E. purpurea (TM) in 5 ml of acid milk. The organic farm showed 215 calving (135 males and 80 females), while the conventional farm showed 221 calving, divided in 91 males and 130 females; therefore the ratio male/female was significantly in favour of males in organic but was contrary in conventional farm. This situation is fortuitous. The dead calves were 19 out of 60 births in organic farm. In this farm the mortality for the first week was 10% and increased through the second and third month in both groups of calves (treated and not treated), and the general mortality of the organic farm was 32%. This situation is due to the characteristics of E. Purpurea, that helps the calves in the critical period of immunization from the birth to the administration of colostrums. When subdividing the mortality over the time it is evident that the treated group has acritical moment in the 2-3 months interval, while for non-treated group this is in the fir