Bacterial small RNAs and their role in stress tolerance and adaptation to environment

The review recapitulate the current knowledge on the roles and importance of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and small RNAs in bacteria. Several cases of regulating and signaling RNAs are presented either in Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, with a focus on bacterial RNAs involved in pathogenesis and stress responses. Examples of small RNAs and their mechanisms of action, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, induction of new genes, increased stability of their targets or their destination to the degradation pathway.