Diammonium Hydrogenphosphate Treatment on Dolostone: The Role of Mg in the Crystallization Process

The diammonium hydrogenphosphate (DAP, (NH4)(2)HPO4) reaction with calcite has been extensively investigated. The availability of free calcium ions in the reaction environment has been acknowledged as a crucial factor in the crystallization of calcium phosphates with a high (hydroxyapatite, Ca/P 1.67) or low Ca/P molar ratio (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, Ca/P 1.00; octacalcium phosphate, Ca/P 1.33). On the contrary, no data are available on the DAP interaction at room temperature with dolomite in terms of reaction mechanism and composition of the reaction products. Here, a multi-analytical approach based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray powder diffraction before and after heating treatments is proposed to explore how the formation of calcium phosphates occur on Mg-enriched substrates and if the presence of magnesium ions during the reaction influences the crystallization process of calcium phosphates. The DAP reaction with polycrystalline dolomite gives rise to the formation of struvite and of poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite. Calcium and magnesium ions mutually interfered in the crystallization of magnesium and calcium phosphates, respectively, whose effects influenced the properties (size, micro-morphology, composition and crystallinity) of the newly-formed phases.