Microwave techniques for measuring combustion processes in power plants

Microwave techniques are being applied to several key process measurements in fossil fuel power stations in Italy. Mauro Bramanti and Gennaro De Michele describe here both the theoretical basis and some practical results. The authors are, respectively with the Istituto di Elaborazione dell'Informazione (IEI), and with Centro di Ricerca Termica e Nucleare (CRTN) Ente Nazionale per l'Energia Elettrica (ENEL) based in Pisa.