Biocompatibility, hemocompatibility and antimicrobial properties of Xyloglucan-based hydrogel film for wound healing application

Crosslinked xyloglucan-poly(vinyl alcohol) based hydrogel films are interesting materials for wound healing applications. This work focuses on the hydrolytic degradation and consequent morphological modification of a XG-PVA film and on its interaction with cells, blood, bacteria. Biocompatibility of the film was assessed in vitro by investigating different aspects, such as cell viability, oxidative stress level, mitochondrial dysfunction and specific stress biomarkers. Partial adhesiveness was demonstrated by performing different attaching assays and phalloidin staining. Hemocompatibility of XG-PVA film after interaction with blood was evaluated by using a multi-parametric approach, including human Red Blood Cells (RBC) count, hemolytic response and platelets activation. Thrombin and fibrinogen concentrations were examined as marker of the coagulation cascade. After direct contact with human blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), no evidence of cell defense response was observed. Antimicrobial activity of XG-PVA film was tested against Escherichia coli (E.coli). XG-PVA film promotes bacterial retentivity and provides mechanical protection against bacterial infiltration. After loading the film with ampicillin, an inhibitory E. coli growth zone was observed. All together these results indicate that the XG-PVA system is a promising material to be tested in vivo for wound healing applications.